ILS Doctrine 2

Disclaimer
The views expressed in this report represent those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Ministry of Defence, India or the Indian Government. The author also does not give any assurance/guarantee for information given below.

The ILS Doctrine is a compiled summary of the analysis performed by the author of facts, news reports, technical publications, white papers, … etc published on the Internet.

Background
India has entered the 21st Century on a confident note with the economy showing good signs of growth. If this pace is sustained for 10 to 15 years, India will emerge as one of the largest economies in the world and a regional power as a due consequence.

The Indian civilization is some 5,000 years old, and, for most of that time, India was a great power. For Indians, 200 years of colonial dependency seem a minor episode, a brief, although humbling, interruption in their overall move toward greater eminence. For virtually every member of the Indian elite, as well as the rest of the population, it seems natural that India be among the great powers. In a little more than 50 years since independence, India has moved from being a imperial colony with more than a thousand ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups to a viable, democratic country whose economy is now among the top 10 in the world. Its political and cultural influence is felt throughout Asia and beyond. Its military arsenal includes numerous conventional forces with modern arms, medium-range missiles, satellites in orbit and nuclear weapons. For many people in India, including those in the current government, India's becoming a great power is not only a widespread national desire and goal-it is a sacred mission. However, the desire to be a great power is not the type of obsessive mission that has produced mass suffering in totalitarian countries. Indians believe that their economy and their people should benefit from, not be sacrificed to, India's world power status. Military clout means less to Indians than do other indications of great power status; Indians are not dreaming of conquering foreign territories. What they want is to guarantee by sufficient means, including nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles that their unique civilization will make it to the sixth millennium of its existence. Reestablishing and maintaining world power status are long-term and unifying goals for India.


The disintegration of the Soviet Union, where people spoke approximately 120 languages, was a disturbing example to Indians, since theirs is a country in which 40 major and about 600 minor languages are spoken. There is widespread sentiment that everybody in India must cooperate for the unity of the country. India has always approached the subject of security in its larger framework, beyond that implicit in defense strategy and military forces. The concept of security has involved the presentation and the perpetuation of the core values of the Indian nation state: democracy, a secular society, a federal polity, moral and ethical principles, equal rights, and, last but not least, national strength and power. Those core values are enshrined in the Indian constitution (if not always practiced throughout the country). The strength of those values has provided the political resilience and stability that many outside the country find amazing in such a multinational, multilingual, and multicultural entity. Every major political force in the country supports India's global aspirations, though they are divided on how to restore their country's greatness.

We are witnessing the birth of a new Indian national security and foreign policy.

This new doctrine must incorporate India’s dream of being recognized as a Super Power. For the same the following

For being a super power the following…

• India’s national security policy must shift from “defensive defense” to “offensive defense” i.e. that preventive strikes against a perceived or real aggressor could be launched even before the forces of the enemy makes his first move.

• This aggressive strategy for the defense of national interests, territorial integrity, and sovereignty independent of what specific adversary the nation might have to confront must not be at the cost of the country’s strategic defense.

• More focus must be given on the development of conventional military capabilities, as the un-conventional arsenal has no sensible military use. Thus, in any conflict India’s conventional military capabilities must be capable enough to repulse any aggressor; irrespective of him being inferior or superior by conventional means. Advancement in the conventional forces would require the development & deployment of an advanced tank fleet [310 T-90 Tanks from Russia]; modern artillery and tactical rockets [Prithvi missiles are tactical rockets]; sophisticated command and control systems as well as communications and intelligence-gathering systems with space-based components; new and upgraded aircraft [Sukhoi-MKI-30]; and a renewed arsenal of small arms, ammunition, and other military equipment.

• The Indian military must define a greater role for itself within Asia aimed at gradually squeezing the forces of outside powers (the United States, China, Britain, Australia, etc.) out of South Asia and the broad oceanic areas surrounding India and its islands that are considered to be of vital importance to its national security.

• Power Projection at Sea: India must project its strategic power by making its presence felt throughout the Indian Ocean and neighboring waters of the Pacific Ocean, such as the South China Sea, by deploying its navy in these waters.

• Ballistic missile capabilities: India’s missile armory must have capable of targeting the whole territory of Pakistan and Afghanistan, vital regions of China, Southeast Asia, the Middle East (to Turkey), former Soviet Central Asia, most of the Indian Ocean & if possible even parts of America. This will give India the power to strike back any opponent in any part of the world, which in turn would increase India’s deterrence armory.

• Nuclear Might: New Delhi's real goal must be to have a sufficient nuclear arsenal to deter any aggressor, even the most powerful country in the world.

So! What has happened for far?

• India has the best scientific and technical capability in the Third World, ranks third in Asia in nuclear power, and seventh in the world in space technology.

• The reports also note that India plans to build a spacecraft that could be used about 100 times and launch a manned space mission early in this century. [Project AVATAR]

• India will not resume nuclear tests, at least for a while. But the tests conducted in 1998 have given enough scientific information for Indian specialists to improve the country's nuclear weapons.

• The military component in India's space efforts has increased, although not dramatically, and the Indian Space Research Organization will pursue closer cooperation with the Indian armed forces and the Defense Research and Development Organization. The major goal in providing the military with various satellite services i.e. launching and maintaining more advanced early warning and surveillance satellites in order to prevent a repetition of Kargil.

• India will continue building an Inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM) with a range of over 8,000 kilometers and will likely achieve that goal within a few years. After the success of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle [PSLV] rocket, development of the geo-synchronous launch vehicle (GSLV) & the indigenous cryogenic engines has been accelerated and on integration with the reentry technology could form a new generation of India’s Intercontinental ballistic missiles apart from the already developed Agni, which is a intermediate range ballistic missile.

• India is poised to become the fifth space power of the world after America, Russia, the European Union and China. But with the deterioration of Russia's space program and possible (although, mostly unconfirmed) Chinese failures in space, India could become, within this decade, the number-three space power, behind only the United States & the European Union. India plans to compete for foreign commercial clients and has some advantages in that competition. For instance, Indian booster rockets are considerably cheaper than U.S. launchers.

• The first in the new series of earth-imaging satellites with advanced equipment Cartosat-1 has been already launched. This satellite will give more information to the military than is available from Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS). IRS-6, a satellite similar to Cartosat-1, will be launched in 2002. Nevertheless, both of these highly sophisticated satellites will not be used solely for military purposes. The Indian National Security Advisory Board calls for creation of space based high-resolution satellites to provide early warning so that the survivability of the nuclear arsenal and effective command, control communications, computing, and intelligence and information (C412) systems is ensured. New space launching sites and other ground facilities will be created during the next two decades. The launching station on Shriharikota Island (between Lake Pilicat and the Bay of Bengal, 68 miles north of Madras) recently got one more launching pad and follow-up reconstruction is under way. There are calls in India to prepare an affordable long-term plan to build space based surveillance assets, theater surveillance with unmanned air vehicles, stand-off platforms, stealth capacities, precision guidance systems, and anti-missile defenses.

The Indian economy is growing… Despite the fact that International Monetary Fund [IMF] parameters tell that in 1999 India had a per capita gross domestic product of only $1,720, which was substantially behind even China, at $3,600, but given India's enormous population, IMF calculations even indicated that by 2006 the country will be likely to have a larger GDP than will either Italy or Britain. If recent growth rates persist, by 2025 India's GDP is expected to pass those of Germany and France. That would make India the fourth-largest economic power, behind only the United States, Japan, and China.

Introduction

The “ILS Class Doctrine” is an attempt to define a new strategy for the Indian Armed Forces to give them a strategic position in the 21st Century. This requires combining all the three services into one coherent structure with a strong command. All the three services will work on a common strategy, a common plan to achieve a goal swiftly and effectively. With all the three wings units working according to one plan, the Indian armed forces will achieve greater lethality. This will require a strong command & authority structure & a strong & viable communications network. The ILS Doctrine aims at using space for the same. A strong space based command will aid in surveillance, early detection & warning, guidance, GIS & GPS applications [refer ILS Aids] and communication. This command will help in maintaining a strong command authority, necessary for effectively integrating all the services.

Joint warfare also provides the following obvious advantages. Power Projection. It has become an integral part of modern warfare. It is part of the physiological war fought. Power projection if performed properly can lower the morale and reduce the efficiency of enemy forces and could create dissatisfaction within their ranks. Power projection is inherently a joint operation. Joint warfare demonstrates national resolve to get rid of the enemy. Joint operations also render lethality in terms that the joint team has the ability to apply overwhelming force from different dimensions and directions to shock, disrupt, and defeat opponents. Effectively integrated joint forces expose no weak points to enemy action, while they rapidly and efficiently find and attack enemy weak points.

This paper answers the following questions…

What are the problems faced by the Indian Armed forces & the need of a new defence doctrine?

Should India too set up an Aerospace Doctrine?

Is Joint warfare the solution to a next generation of Armed Forces?

What reforms must be initiated within the Indian Army to make India internally a completely secure place?

What role could the media play in National Integration?

Why another defence doctrine?

The security environment, post 9/11 in this unipolar world has changed dramatically. Since then the Indian Government has struggled to formulate a coherent national security or military strategy, one that keeps accounts of the constraints [technological & economical] faced by the Indian Armed Forces yet accommodating the realities of the 21st century. Without a strategic framework, the Indian defence planning has been more of a pointless exercise, often dominated by bureaucratic, political and budgetary plans rather than strategic interests.

Immediate problems faced by the Indian Armed forces.

Even as the Indian military limps towards exhaustion from over a decade long insurgency fight, it is in a great dilemma whether to canalise its resources towards such low intensity conflicts, preparation for major conflicts or preparing for tomorrow’s battlefield i.e. modernization.

Coupled with this the armed forces are facing there worst ever scarcity in recruits, not to mention the difficulty retaining the already recruited.

The military industrial infrastructure has started becoming increasingly stagnant with lack of innovations that in turn threatens the technological and operational advantages that must be enjoyed by our forces in the future conflicts. The Indian Defence thinking must also incorporate newly developed techniques of power projection, information warfare and the psychological warfare.

The continuously reducing combat ratio between India & Pakistan has become a worry. During the 1971 war, the combat ratio was 1.75:1 i.e. in India's favor. It declined to 1.56:1 in 1990 & now it stands at 1.22:1.

India’s growing economy… Despite the fact that International Monetary Fund [IMF] parameters tell that in 1999 India had a per capita gross domestic product of only $1,720, which was substantially behind even China, at $3,600, but given India's enormous population, IMF calculations even indicated that by 2006 the country will be likely to have a larger GDP than will either Italy or Britain. If recent growth rates persist, by 2025 India's GDP is expected to pass those of Germany and France. That would make India the fourth-largest economic power, behind only the United States, Japan, and China.

Functions the Indian Military must perform
1. Protection of Sovereignty of the Indian Union
2. Fighting Insurgency
3. Stabilizing the internal situation of the country in case of riots, natural disasters, etc.
4. Extending complete influence throughout the Indian Ocean
5. Perform Peace Keeping operations under the UN Mandate
6. Transforming the Indian Military into a next generation force

Tactical Needs
The new doctrine must be such that it incorporates all of the above functions, & allows the Indian Armed forces to handle two or three of the above situations at different or same geographical location & win them both decisively.

Moreover, a sound doctrine also demonstrates national resolve. It also points on to the readiness and military professionalism. This acts as a great deterrent. This ensures that we do not have to fight at all & when we fight, we win decisively.

Strategic Needs of the Indian Army

India’s national security policy must shift from “defensive defence” to “offensive defence” i.e. that preventive strikes against a perceived or real aggressor could be launched even before the forces of the enemy makes his first move.

This aggressive strategy for the defence of national interests, territorial integrity, and sovereignty independent of what specific adversary the nation might have to confront must not be at the cost of the country’s strategic defence.

More focus must be given on the development of conventional military capabilities, as the un-conventional arsenal has no sensible military use. Thus, in any conflict India’s conventional military capabilities must be capable enough to repulse any aggressor; irrespective of him being inferior or superior by conventional means.

The Indian military must define a greater role for itself within Asia aimed at gradually squeezing out outside powers (the United States, China, Britain, Australia, etc.) out of South Asia and the broad oceanic areas surrounding India and its islands that are considered to be of vital importance to its national security.

Power Projection at Sea: India must project its strategic power by making its presence felt throughout the Indian Ocean and neighbouring waters of the Pacific Ocean, such as the South China Sea, by deploying its navy in these waters.

Ballistic missile capabilities: India’s missile armoury must have capable of targeting the whole territory of Pakistan and Afghanistan, vital regions of China, Southeast Asia, the Middle East (to Turkey), former Soviet Central Asia, most of the Indian Ocean & if possible even parts of America. This will give India the power to strike back any opponent in any part of the world, which in turn would increase India’s deterrence armoury.

Nuclear Might: New Delhi's real goal must be to have a sufficient nuclear arsenal to deter any aggressor, even the most powerful country in the world.

Some other visible reasons for a new doctrine are …

Terrorism: It has been over two decades since India has been facing the problem of terrorism. Hundreds of thousands of troops and equipment have been deployed in the Indian State of Jammu & Kashmir. This is taking a toll in the economy, army personnel & the overall development of the State and country.

Countering China: China is all set to become the sole power in Asia, which is not in Indian interest. China is supplying arms & ammunition to almost all Indian neighbours. The Chinese are continuously increasing their presence in the Indian Ocean. Despite all this, the Chinese have tried to improve diplomatic relationships with us since the 1990’s.

Brothers in arms: After fighting 4 wars & over 50 years of living in animosity, the Pakistanis still are the only visible potent threat to India. The Pakistani nuclear threshold disallows India to wage a full out war. Moreover the Pakistani continuous support, economically, tactically & morally to the Islamic terrorists in the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir frustrates India.

The uneasy calm: India’s continuously deteriorating relations with its smaller neighbours namely Bangladesh, Nepal & Sri Lanka continues to be a worry for India. No country has more insecure boarders than India in this world.

The internal communal saga: India has been a cultural broth since centuries. All communities… Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Jews, etc to name a few live here together. There has been animosity between the majority Hindu & minority Muslim & there have been timely communal clashes too. In any operation, India must protect its internal unity.

Economic Concerns: The Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in this world, growing only next to a few. Maintaining the efficient flow of the economy is a must. Under no condition must the economy be harmed.

Thus…
1. We must solve the problem of Islamic terrorism, while not tactfully upsetting of the large Muslim minority in the country.
2. We must end the continuous Pakistani nudging & nagging in our internal affairs with the support of the international community and the Chinese.
3. We must counter all Chinese attempts to restrain our growth indirectly, while not affecting our direct relations with them.
4. In all the above attempts our economy must not be harmed.
5. We must not be by anyhow alienated by the International community.
6. We must improve our relationship with our other neighbours.

A sensible & powerful doctrine, hence must be developed that would be used for canalising funds & efforts (research, employment, deployment, purchase, etc) on a proper path.
This new strategy needs to incorporate today events & problems along with tomorrow’s needs by speculating future events in it. It must not be completely today oriented nor completely future oriented; neglecting today’s readiness.

Aerospace Command: a solution or no?

Major Powers like the United States & others are steadfastly moving away from a conventional tri services command towards a unified Aerospace Command. The Aerospace command clubs air & space regions into one.

A recent IAF report stated that India should develop an Aerospace Command in the long run.

Should we follow suit to western thinking and set up an Aerospace command?
No. An aerospace command is not the solution due to the following reasons:
1. Considering the above, it does not make sense clubbing up the Air & Space medium into one wing namely the Aerospace wing.
2. Secondly, the role of the air force is like that of the coast guard: Protecting the countries air space and the Space Force on the other hand like the Navy plays a larger role.
3. Next, both air & space are completely different mediums. Space is not a continuity of air.
4. Every country has its legal air space that another country cannot intrude. Unlike that, space has no legal boundaries.
5. Other technical issues like gravity, aircraft & space ship designs; costs, etc also go against the development of aerospace command.
6. Moreover, inter service rivalry might increase with the air force gaining the upper edge over other sister services.

Thus, India should not go for the Aerospace Command.

Instead, space will be used for two purposes namely as the backbone for a central command & for a Space Fleet Command which will be India’s next generation ISRO.

With respect to using space for setting up a central command, it would use space-based systems for planning, commanding & monitoring all the present wings of armed force & the space fleet command. It will make use of following space-based systems for communication, navigation, electronic intelligence, early warning and photographic reconnaissance.

National Military Satellite Constellation – NatSat

Assuming the fact that India for the next 30-40 years would not fight wars outside the Indian Subcontinent; we do not require launching satellites into space.

Instead of deploying huge costly satellites parked thousands of miles above the surface, with high-end communication and imaging technology like the West have done, the Indian Space based central Command will use a cluster of mass produced micro satellites parked in low earth orbit.

These satellites will work as a team, performing their respective jobs, & transmitting back to a nearby receiving station. The data received from the various adjacent satellites could be processed as a whole, thus producing images of better resolution & definite early warnings.

These mass-produced, low earth satellites would be packed with packed with radar, imagery, warning systems and modern communication gear.

Advantages of using micro satellites
1. They will be cost effective because
a. Since they will have to be injected into low earth orbit, costly rockets won’t be needed for launching them into outer space.
b. Since these satellites will be lower than the conventional satellites, they will not need high-end equipment.
2. If any one is destroyed or if one’s system crashes, then it does not mean complete collapse of the space based command structure.
3. Hundreds of satellites deployed could easily provide backup.
4. Multifaceted Use: They could be designed to perform different operations at different times depending upon the need.
a. During war, they could be used to provide communication & early warnings support.
b. In case of, natural disasters like the Gujarat Earthquake in 2000 where all the communications lines were disrupted they could be used for communications.
c. Weather monitoring.

Moreover, these low orbiting satellites are better than ground-based radar because ground based radar and communication facilities have distinct limitations due to the Earth's curvature and are easy target to air bombarding or missile attacks.

Advantages of NatSat System
1. NatSat will be central in integrating all the four services namely the army, navy, air force and space fleet command.
2. It would result in improvement of the countries intelligence, which in turn would ensure that misadventures as Kargil, 1999 are not repeated.
3. Moreover, it would also promote the development of satellite-guided precision bombarding, thus increasing the effectiveness and lethality of the Armed Forces, with reduced civilian human & property loss.
4. Embedding Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) type technology into a common foot soldier is possible only via a space command.
5. Better, secure & disaster proof communication facilities. The 2000 Gujarat Earthquake had cut off all communication with the Kutch border district. Such disconnections of parts of country would not happen.

The proposed central command cannot exercise its authority unless it knows what is happening on ground, which is possible via space based reconnaissance & communication.

Within the Indian Airspace, these low earth satellites can be used. But within, the Indian Subcontinent, i.e. complete Indian Subcontinent excluding India, normal, high end, high orbit satellites may be used.

NatSat – at the bordering areas & within the Indian Subcontinent:
This part of the NatSat would use hundreds of micro satellites positioned in low Earth orbit.
1. These could be used to check enemy troop movements.
2. Infiltration along the Line Of Control & the International Border could be checked.
3. It could even act as early warnings radars during war.
4. These could be used for guiding troops & aircraft.
5. Secure communications network.


NatSat – within the Indian Airspace:
Within the Indian airspace, no satellites will be used. Instead, hundreds of thousands of lighter than air unmanned airships could remain aloft above the Earth's surface in the calmest part of the atmosphere patrolling miles of areas.
1. Police Surveillance Patrolling of
a. Highways & express highways
b. Railway networks
2. Disaster Management Planning
3. Secure communications network
4. GIS & GPS solutions for the common man. [refer glossary]
5. Weather monitoring & forecasting.
The proposed central command cannot exercise its authority unless it knows what is happening on ground, which is possible via space based reconnaissance & communication.

Space Fleet Command

The Space Fleet Command is something like a space based air force. It will be the fourth & final service entering the armed forces. The SFC will also fall under the proposed central command.

The Space Fleet Command would replace Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and would go on to perform space exploration, commercial Satellite Launching and maintenance of Space based Weapon Systems like ASAT [anti-satellite] weaponry, sub orbital ground attack weapons, etc. The Avatar Hyper plane project would remain as the central space based attack vehicle. It can be used for varied operations like
1. Commercial & military satellite launching
2. For gaining complete space control as Avatar can be used to deploy space based missiles that could destroy enemy satellites & other space based assets.
[Refer ILS AIDS for more on Avatar].

The Space Fleet Command must replace the ISRO, as that would reduce duplication of R&D efforts. Research is research! Irrelevant of whether it is being done for military uses or civil uses. Thus, Indian space research organizations will neither be completely civilian (ISRO) nor completely military (DRDO). Space based systems are complex to develop and hence it does not matter if it will be made applicable for civilian purposes or for military. This will help in reducing costs, increasing efficiency & quality of research.

NEWARS – Securing the Indian Airspace

Once the low earth orbit satellite constellation [NatSat] has been set up, integration of all ground based, satellite based, AWACS radars [refer ILS Aids] & other detection devices like the Rajendra radars along with weapon systems must take place. This would be called as the “national early warning and response system” or NEWARS. The integrated radars would alert Indian aircraft, anti aircraft & Surface to Air Missile batteries of potential threats like incoming missiles, enemy aircraft, strayed civil flights, & other airborne objects intruding Indian airspace.

Moreover, NEWARS will be helpful to the Airports Authority of India (AAI) in monitoring all air traffic on land & oceanic which in turn would allow it to improve the flexibility in civil aviation, leading to fewer delays & lower fuel consumption. The NEWARS would also help in preventing tragedies like 9/11 in India.

The first signs of NEWARS
1. The Early Warning System
a. Proposed military reconnaissance satellites: Sanjaya
b. Israeli Phalcon AWACS (Airborne warning & control system)
c. GAGAN - satellite based navigational system [refer ILS AIDS for more on GAGAN]
2. The Response System
a. The Russian S-300 SAM [refer ILS AIDS for more on S-300 SAM]
b. The Israeli Arrow Air defence system
c. The indigenous Akash SAM

Integrated Forces Command will be the new joint forces command of India. It would be the space based central command as discussed above. It would require the National Military Constellation [NatSat] for communications, early warning, navigation, electronic intelligence and photographic reconnaissance. A National Military Complex [NMC] would be needed as the central Headquarters of the Integrated Forces Command.

National Military Complex – NMC

The NMC will be similar to the US’s Pentagon. The NMC would be the country’s main military planning & execution complex. The NMC will perform the following functions:
1. Central Intelligence Processing
a. Intelligence from all parts of the country & other intelligence inputs like continuous monitoring of telephone lines, Internet, etc would be processed here for validity.
b. With all the things happening at one place, would make sure that no intelligence input would go un-utilised.
c. Many a times, central intelligence reports are not passed on to other local organizations & vice versa due to the semantic gap between them.
d. With all the law enforcement & armed agencies coming under the Integrated Forces Command, such a situation would not occur.
2. Situations Room
a. Situations like riots, hijacking, etc are planned for & practised here.
b. In case of such events happening, then the execution of plan, monitoring of situation would take place here.
3. War Room
a. The War Room is similar to the Situations Room, lest wartime scenarios will be practised here.
4. NEWARS Processing
a. The National Early Warning and Response System as discussed above would integrate all radars along with weapon systems, which could be used to detect & destroy all incoming, intruding airborne vehicles.
b. Complete processing with respect to NEWARS would happen with this complex.
Thus complete data processing; planning, execution & other processes would take place within the National Military Complex.

Divisional Military Complex
The Divisional Military Complex would be built on similar lines with the National Military Complex lest it would be the central military planning complex of a state. There would be a divisional complex in each state & it would incorporate even civil services like the local police.

Reforms in the Army

Despite having a numerically strong ground based force, militancy continues, extortions, gangs, groups like PWG and the naxalities exist, Veerappan, Gujarat riots are still happening. The solution to this is that the proper men with proper training need to be kept at the right place.

We need to define a proper role of participation for the Indian Armed Forces into our society. Is the Army only to fight wars? Or must it play the role of policing during insurgency conditions, riots... The Armed forces must know their objectives clearly. It is obvious that it is impractical to let the huge Indian Army to be kept asleep during peace times. Instead deploy the complete Indian Army through out the country performing operations.

Need of restructuring the army
1. Deployment must be cheap, quick & un obstruct able
2. Definite goal setting for each unit
3. Capability to overcome multiple hurdles like war, insurgency, natural disasters, etc at two or three geographically apart locations at the same time.
4. Enhanced Cost Cutting Measures
5. Swift & Effective operations
6. Integrating all Forces in Operation for higher effectiveness
7. Powerful & un destroyable authorities command structure

Research needed for restructuring
The following various factors must be considered for each state and accordingly forces must be deployed.

Such a study will help in determining the following:
1. Type of operations
2. Equipment needed
3. Training needed
4. Quantity of forces needed
5. Water & Food Supplies needed
6. Planning
7. Disaster Planning
8. Communication Facilities
9. Planning Air Support
10. War Time Planning

With all of the research done for each state, the army battalions could be positioned accordingly throughout the country.

Using Media as a tool for national integration

A collective effort by the govt. & the media to convey special messages & feelings amongst the common masses is an effective method for national integration. The media industry must find a fusion between cooperate interest & national interest. We must use the fan following of TV serials, cinema, radio & other media methods to generate different public emotions.

Conveying special messages:
Consider, a famous TV serial as part of its ongoing saga shows how people should act & co-operate with police and other civil forces to solve situations like bomb blasts, earthquakes, etc. The general public can effectively connect real life situations and reel life situations.

The role of Media for nationalization of India:
After three wars, lakhs of human causalities both civilian & uniformed & over billions of dollars being spent on defence, we are still as unsafe as we were 50 years ago. We lack communal disharmony. Now, instead of muscling our way through a solution, we must slowly & steadily start introducing a nationalist flavour, morale sense & introduce faith amongst the people for a greater ONE India. Via TV, cinema, theatre, radio, etc we must drill in various feelings into the mind of common man like “the nation is greater to the individual”, “You are an Indian first and then a person of religion”, etc.

Media during national crisis:
The media will enjoy free status to oppose government polices & decisions but during time of national crisis like war, natural disasters, terrorism and other sensitive issues the opposition must immediately close ranks behind the government of the day. Moreover, commercially the Indian public would prefer reading/watching how Indian forces/people carried out successful operations & missions rather than how things went wrong.


Integrating the Border Population with the rest of country

The pattern of war has changed from “occupation nation to nation war” to “proxy war”, where the enemy is not a state that has physical existence and could targeted with missiles & heavy equipment. In order to counter a proxy war, we need strong intelligence machinery. This is even the more necessary in border areas. Thus, we need an over whelming support of the border population. This would aid in reducing trans border crimes, smuggling, cross border terrorism, infiltration, espionage operations of an enemy state and other illegal activities. You can defend your borders best when the people are ready to defend it with all their heart & might. For the same, the government must improve their lifestyle & gain their confidence by introducing school, hospitals, communication facilities, etc. We must promote a sense of security, a sense of oneness amongst the border population. Their support is a must in any operation.

Countering the Illegal Infiltration

India has long insecure borders. Issues of illegal border crossing arise almost every day. There are three possible solutions to this problem:

Manned Patrol of Borders:
This is something that the BSF [Border Security Force] has been doing since a long time. But it is not only difficult but also impractical to do the same. Moreover, despite manning most of our borders illegal crossing continues.

Blue Line: The Israel Lebanon Border
The Israel Lebanon Border is known as the blue line. The complete border has been fenced & is continuously monitored by an array of infrared sensors. Any intrusion attempt can be detected & taken care of by a small group of REACTION FORCE.

Deployment of Autonomous Border Patrol Vehicles [ABPV]
The Autonomous Border Patrol Vehicle is an unmanned ground vehicles [UGV] robot, which will patrol the long hostile Indian border. It will continuously monitor the border for Intrusions using inbuilt infrared cameras & fire at the intruding force with minimal supervision in dynamic, unstructured environments. The ABPV can also inform the REACTION FORCE of any intrusion attempt.

Advantages of Joint Warfare
1. Power Projection.
a. It has become an integral part of modern warfare.
b. It is part of the physiological war fought.
c. Power projection if performed properly can lower the morale and reduce the efficiency of enemy forces and could create dissatisfaction within their ranks.
d. Power projection is inherently a joint operation.
2. Joint warfare demonstrates national resolve to get rid of the enemy.
3. Joint operations also render lethality in terms that the joint team has the ability to apply overwhelming force from different dimensions and directions to shock, disrupt, and defeat opponents.
4. Effectively integrated joint forces expose no weak points to enemy action, while they rapidly and efficiently find and attack enemy weak points.

The Nuclear Factor

India has developed & deployed nuclear weapons only for defensive uses i.e. deterrence. The intention of a country behind posing for nuclear deterrence is to keep the adversary under continuous psychological fear of retaliatory strike/punishment. In case of India, New Delhi has two nuclear capable neighbours, Pakistan and China, with past hostile records. It stands logical for New Delhi to have its defence-build up in tune with national security requirements. But, in the process of building and maintaining nuclear deterrent, has India evolved the tools of projecting its areas of strength in its true perspective? New Delhi has shown more transparency in its existing credible nuclear forces strength by developing a doctrine based on “no first use” & keeping all of its affairs in civilian hands. It will not only increase pressure on Pakistan to refrain from making frequent nuclear threat calls, but will make China take India seriously in regional security matters.

Salient Features of the present Indian Nuclear Doctrine
1. Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent.
2. A "No First Use" (NFU) posture implying that nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere.
3. Massive and designed nuclear retaliatory attack to inflict unacceptable damage.
4. Authorization of retaliatory attack rests with the civilian political leadership through the Nuclear Command Authority
5. No use of nuclear weapon against non-nuclear weapon states
6. In the event of a major attack against India, or Indian forces anywhere by biological or chemical weapons, India will retain the option of retaliating with nuclear weapons
7. A continuance of strict controls on export of nuclear and missile related materials and technologies and continued observance of the suspension on nuclear tests.
8. Continued commitment to the goal of a nuclear weapon free world, through global, verifiable and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament.

Reasons for keeping the nuclear numbers low

India has stockpiled enough fissile material to build 80-100 nuclear weapons and has the capability to produce much more. This must not increase; as it would pressurize the country economically yet serve no purpose. Moreover, 100 nukes easily give us the much-needed nuclear deterrence from Pakistan or China, as 100 nukes are enough are annihilate Pakistan and China both from the face of the earth.
There is no sensible military use of nuclear weapons. Nuclear Weapons can neither be used in low intensity conflicts nor during conventional wars. If ever we were to come to point of using nuclear weapons then we are talking of complete annihilation of subcontinent.
Though world leaders have often threatened to resort to nuclear weapons, not once in the 55 years since the end of World War II were they deemed military useful. Not even in Vietnam could thousands of US nuclear warheads prevent a humiliating defeat. In the near future, terrorists groups -- not Pakistan, not China -- will be the greatest nuclear threat to India. Can a vast nuclear arsenal really protect India if a terrorist group develops even a single bomb?
Strictly in terms of security, because of their narrowed role, their reduced utility, yet their continuing risks, there is much now to be gained by restricting their numbers. Thus, nuclear weapons are not weapons of military use but of shear politics.

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There is more stuff....... but i need to search more in hard drive and old emails :)